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So I've gotten to try the C++ compiler included into Intel Parallel Studio XE 2011 beta at last.»
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This article illustrates techniques required to employ the use of PVS-Studio static code analyzer together with continuous integration systems.»
In the article, we will compare three mechanisms of code analysis from the viewpoint of detecting 64-bit errors: the Visual C++ 2010 compiler, the Code Analysis for C/C++ component included into Visual Studio 2010 and Viva64 analyzer included into PVS-Studio 3.60.»
This article is the most complete collection of examples of 64-bit errors in the C and C++ languages.»
64-bit lessons
Lesson 22. Pattern 14. Overloaded functions
When porting a 32-bit program to a 64-bit platform, you may encounter changes in its logic related to the use of overloaded functions. If a function is overlapped for 32-bit and 64-bit values, the access to it with an argument of a memsize-type will be translated into different calls on different systems. This technique may be useful as, for example, in this code:
static size_t GetBitCount(const unsigned __int32 &) {
return 32;
}
static size_t GetBitCount(const unsigned __int64 &) {
return 64;
}
size_t a;
size_t bitCount = GetBitCount(a);
But this change of logic is potentially dangerous. Imagine a program that uses a class to arrange the stack. This class is specific in that way that it allows you to store values of different types:
class MyStack {
...
public:
void Push(__int32 &);
void Push(__int64 &);
void Pop(__int32 &);
void Pop(__int64 &);
} stack;
ptrdiff_t value_1;
stack.Push(value_1);
...
int value_2;
stack.Pop(value_2);
A careless programmer saves into and then selects from the stack values of different types ("ptrdiff_t" and "int"). Their sizes coincide on the 32-bit system and everything is quite okay. But when the size of the type "ptrdiff_t" changes on the 64-bit system, the number of bytes saved into the stack gets larger than the number of bytes loaded then from the stack.
I think this type of errors is clear to you and you understand that one should be very careful about calls to overloaded functions when passing actual arguments of a memsize-type.
Diagnosis
PVS-Studio does not diagnose this pattern of 64-bit errors. First, it is explained by the fact that we have not encountered such an error in a real application yet, and second, diagnosis of such constructs involves some difficulties. Please write to us if you encounter such an error in real code.
The course authors: Andrey Karpov (karpov@viva64.com), Evgeniy Ryzhkov (evg@viva64.com).
The rightholder of the course "Lessons on development of 64-bit C/C++ applications" is OOO "Program Verification Systems". The company develops software in the sphere of source program code analysis. The company's site: http://www.viva64.com.
Contacts: e-mail: support@viva64.com, Tula, 300027, PO box 1800.